Crypto glossary

Node

A node is a computer that runs a blockchain's software and takes part in its network. A full node independently checks every block and transaction against the rules and relays valid data to other nodes.

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What a node does

In Bitcoin, a full node downloads the entire blockchain from the genesis block onward and verifies every rule: that signatures are valid, that no coins are spent twice, that block rewards follow the issuance schedule and that each block contains valid proof of work. It then keeps an up-to-date copy and passes new transactions and blocks to its peers.

Crucially, a node does not trust miners or other nodes. If a miner produces a block that breaks the rules, for example by paying itself extra coins, every full node rejects it. That is why nodes, not miners, are often described as the ultimate enforcers of the rules.

Types of nodes

Full nodes verify everything. Pruned nodes do the same but delete old block data afterwards to save disk space. Light clients download only block headers and ask full nodes for the information they need, which is convenient for phones but means trusting others more. Archive nodes, common on Ethereum, store the complete historical state for services like block explorers.

Every blockchain has nodes. In proof-of-stake networks such as Ethereum, validators run node software and additionally propose and attest to blocks. Mining nodes in Bitcoin both verify and try to produce blocks.

Why running a node matters

If you use your own node, your wallet checks your incoming payments against rules you verified yourself, rather than relying on a company's server. It also improves privacy, because you do not reveal your addresses to a third-party server. The more independent nodes exist, the harder it is for any group to change the rules without broad agreement.

Practical considerations

A Bitcoin full node can run on modest hardware but needs ample storage, a reliable internet connection and an initial sync that can take days. Running a node does not earn rewards by itself and is different from mining or staking.

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Frequently asked questions

Do I get paid for running a node?

Not on Bitcoin. A regular full node earns nothing; the benefit is independent verification and privacy. Validators on proof-of-stake networks earn rewards, but they must also stake coins.

Is a miner the same as a node?

No. Every miner relies on a node, but most nodes do not mine. Nodes verify and relay; miners also compete to create new blocks.

How many nodes does Bitcoin have?

Counts vary by method, because many nodes do not accept incoming connections and cannot be seen. Public estimates are in the tens of thousands.

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All glossary terms · Educational reference only — not investment, legal, tax or financial advice.